Individualized educational pathways in universities: what is this approach?

Contents:

• What can and cannot be considered individual educational trajectories in universities
• Which universities are introducing individual educational trajectories into education
• What does digitalization have to do with it?
• How individualization and digitalization affect university employees
• Who objects to individualization and why
• What results does individualization lead to?
• What will happen next with IET?

The CEO of IOT-University and the chief architect of the Modeus platform, developed by CUSTIS, is responsible for managing individual educational trajectories at universities and the system of additional professional education. He is a graduate of Bauman Moscow State Technical University, where he began his career. The Modeus platform is an innovative solution aimed at optimizing the educational process and increasing its effectiveness. In this interview with Pavel, you'll learn about his professional experience, key achievements, and views on current industry trends. He'll share his approaches to solving complex problems and discuss the skills and qualities essential for a successful career. Pavel will also discuss the impact of technology on the development of his field and offer advice for aspiring professionals. This interview will be a valuable source of information for anyone striving for professional growth and wanting to keep up with the latest changes in their field.

• how far does individualization usually go at a university;
• how do individual educational trajectories differ from traditional approaches;
• is individualization being implemented anywhere except at a few leading universities;
• are there areas for which IET is contraindicated;
• how are individual trajectories related to the digitalization of universities;
• is it true that unpopular courses are being closed and employees are being fired because of IET;
• why do students' parents object to IET;
• and how do individual trajectories fit into the new national system of higher education.

What can and cannot be considered individual educational trajectories in

The trend toward individualization in education is becoming increasingly noticeable, especially in higher education institutions. Its emergence in universities can be attributed to several factors. Firstly, modern students are seeking unique educational paths that align with their interests and career goals. Secondly, technological advances make it possible to create personalized curricula that take into account the individual needs of each student. Furthermore, the labor market demands specific skills from graduates, which is also pushing universities to adapt their courses. All these aspects contribute to the individualization of education becoming an important trend in higher education institutions.

Over the past ten years, there has been a pronounced trend toward personalization of consumer services and products. This applies not only to the automotive industry, where you can choose not only the color of your car but also customize its configuration, but also to a variety of unique services. Back in 2016, when we conducted a market analysis before the launch of Modeus, we noted that this trend was obvious and relevant. Personalization has become a necessity for all industries today, including education, which is grappling with this trend in its practices. Educational institutions must adapt to the demands of modern students by offering individualized approaches and solutions. Education must take into account the individual characteristics, needs, and demands of each individual. The question is how to achieve this. Various practices and tools exist that enable a personalized approach. The trend in modern education is toward personalization, which facilitates more effective learning and development. An individualized approach takes into account the unique abilities and interests of students, ultimately enhancing the quality of the educational process and promoting the successful self-realization of each student. Modern students are truly accustomed to personalization in all aspects of their lives, including social media. This habit shapes their expectations in education as well. They strive for individualized approaches that take into account their unique needs and interests. Personalized learning is becoming an important aspect of the educational process, enabling students to absorb material more effectively and achieve better results.

Some students express dissatisfaction, stating, "Why should I listen to this professor? I'm not interested. The lecture is more engaging in the next room." Maybe it's worth moving there?

Individualization Individualization significantly impacts the content of educational programs. This isn't simply the addition of additional courses to the core professional curriculum, but a comprehensive approach to restructuring the program. Individualization allows for tailoring to the interests and needs of each student, making learning more adaptive and effective. As a result, educational programs become more diverse, facilitating the development of students' unique skills and competencies. Thus, individualization not only expands the range of courses but also transforms the learning process itself, making it more personalized and aligned with the demands of the modern labor market. There are numerous methods of individualizing learning worldwide, and not every university can implement them all. Students can choose instructors, topics, or courses, creating a more personalized educational experience. Tiered learning approaches allow strong students to take on more challenging assignments, while weaker students receive support to quickly reach the average level. Meanwhile, students with average performance continue their studies in the standard mode. Each university must determine the optimal set of individualization practices that suits its unique characteristics and goals.

Most universities have a defined core curriculum. This core includes general education subjects and foundational courses that form the foundation of higher education at the university in a specific field. After mastering this core block, students have the opportunity to choose additional professional courses and electives, as well as develop a second specialization, allowing them to individualize their learning and deepen their knowledge in areas of interest.

The core-and-extension approach differs from the traditional system, in which a single curriculum is offered for all students but elective courses are offered once a semester. The core curriculum consists of required courses that provide foundational knowledge and skills. Extension courses, on the other hand, allow students to choose optional courses that align with their interests and career goals. This creates a more personalized approach to learning, allowing each student to create a unique educational path. Thus, a system with a core and superstructures promotes deeper subject mastery and the development of individual competencies, which is an important aspect of modern education. External changes are minor. For example, only a few changes occur in the curriculum that each university submits to Rosobrnadzor. This demonstrates the stability of the educational program, despite the need to adapt to modern requirements. Individual educational trajectories (IETs) differ radically from the traditional approach to education due to their focus on the needs and characteristics of each student. Not only students' goals become important, but also their desire to understand who they want to become in the future. IETs provide the opportunity to experiment, make informed choices, and learn from their mistakes, which contributes to a deeper and more personalized assimilation of knowledge. This approach allows for the creation of unique educational paths that align with the individual interests and career ambitions of students. Students will analyze their mistakes with a mentor or tutor to better prepare for future choices. This is a significant change in university life, although it is not always reflected in formal documents. This approach promotes critical thinking and helps students make informed decisions about their studies and careers.

For a university to truly implement information technology (IT) in education, several key elements must be present. First, there must be a modern educational process that includes the use of digital platforms for learning and interaction between students and faculty. Second, the availability of online resources, including digital libraries, course materials, and video lectures, is essential. Furthermore, the active use of technologies for assessment, such as electronic tests and learning management systems, is essential. Third, the university must provide ongoing training for faculty in IIT so that they can effectively use new technologies in their practice. Ultimately, the presence of these elements demonstrates the genuine implementation of information technology in education.

We call this an honest student choice, made without imposition or pressure. This approach allows each student to make independent decisions based on their interests and goals.

In Soviet times, there was a practice known as "elective courses," allowing senior students to choose one of several courses. However, in practice, at most universities, this choice was made not by students, but by departments. For example, if a professor only taught one course, a second one was added to the curriculum to create the illusion of choice for students. This raises questions about the actual degree of freedom of choice in the educational system and how such approaches affect the quality of education.

The decision was made by the entire group, since dividing it into two parts is impossible. Ultimately, all participants will attend a single "elective course." This approach can hardly be called individualization.

In my personal experience, there are cases where two courses exist, for example, in different languages. However, students are assigned to groups not according to their preferences, but based on an alphabetical list. This can create certain inconveniences for students who would prefer to study with friends or acquaintances. Such distribution can negatively impact the group atmosphere and the quality of learning.

Why not give people the opportunity to make their own choices? For some, this could have a significant impact on their future lives and careers. The ability to make independent decisions not only shapes personality but also opens new horizons for development and self-realization.

Individualization in the educational process manifests itself when students independently make decisions, prepare for them, and evaluate alternatives. The key mechanisms of this process are conscious choice and analysis of available options. It is important to understand what specific choice points exist in the learning process, as they influence the development of a student’s skills and competencies.

Reading is an important part of our lives, which enriches our experiences and expands our horizons. Immersing ourselves in books, articles, and other materials helps us develop our thinking, improve our vocabulary, and gain new knowledge. Reading also fosters creativity and imagination, allowing us to see the world from different perspectives. True reading not only entertains but also educates, becoming an important tool for personal and professional growth. Choose quality content that aligns with your interests and goals to maximize the benefits of reading. An educational environment is the set of conditions in which learning and education take place. It includes the physical space, resources, teachers, and interactions between all participants in the educational process. An educational environment can be both traditional and innovative. A traditional educational environment is typically characterized by a classroom-based system, where learning takes place within an educational institution with clearly established rules and a schedule. In such an environment, teachers play a vital role in imparting knowledge to students, as do teaching materials and equipment. In contrast, an innovative educational environment emphasizes active student interaction and the use of modern technology. It may include online learning, project-based activities, and collaboration with external organizations. In such an environment, students become active participants in the process, which promotes the development of critical thinking and independence. There is also an informal educational environment, which involves learning outside of traditional educational institutions. This may include clubs, workshops, seminars, and other forms of interaction that emphasize the practical application of knowledge and skills. The importance of the educational environment cannot be underestimated, as it directly impacts learning effectiveness and overall student satisfaction. Creating a comfortable and inspiring educational environment helps improve students' performance and develop their personal qualities.

Which universities are implementing individualized educational trajectories in education?

In your opinion, how many universities in Russia are currently implementing individualized educational trajectories?

In the last year and a half to two years, the implementation of the Internet of Things (IOT) has become widespread, and it is difficult to identify all the organizations participating in this process. One of the first universities to announce the implementation of IOT was Tyumen State University six years ago. This event opened a new era in educational and scientific research, promoting the integration of modern technologies into the educational process and research activities.

Various universities have long been using individualization models in the educational process. For example, the Higher School of Economics has a successfully functioning minor system, allowing students to choose additional courses based on their interests. В Московском физико-техническом институте (МФТИ) студенты могут заменять курсы в своей учебной программе на те, которые соответствуют их научным интересам или специализации. Санкт-Петербургский политехнический университет также внедрил модель индивидуализации, предлагая своим студентам возможность адаптировать учебный план под личные предпочтения и цели. Эти подходы способствуют более глубокому пониманию предметов и развитию уникальных навыков у студентов.

Все эти университеты являются ведущими образовательными учреждениями с особыми статусами, среди которых в прошлом были участники проекта «5-100». В последние годы тенденция привлечения внимания к таким вузам расширилась и охватывает более широкий круг образовательных учреждений.

Массовый переход на индивидуализированное образование (ИОТ) стал возможен благодаря запуску программы «Приоритет-2030». Из 106 вузов-победителей программы около 70 планируют интегрировать индивидуализацию в свои образовательные программы. В рамках «Приоритета» индивидуализация образования выступает как одна из ключевых идей. Это не означает, что существует единый государственный шаблон, которому все учреждения обязаны следовать. Однако государство признает этот тренд и считает его значимым для будущего образовательной системы.

Обычно университеты переводят на индивидуальные траектории лишь ограниченное количество студентов. Это связано с тем, что индивидуальные образовательные программы требуют дополнительных ресурсов и внимания со стороны преподавателей. В результате, большинство учащихся продолжают обучение по стандартным учебным планам. Однако индивидуальные траектории могут быть полезны для тех студентов, которые стремятся к более глубокому изучению определенных предметов или нуждаются в гибкости в процессе обучения. Важно, чтобы вузы развивали свои программы и предлагали больше возможностей для индивидуализации образования, что обеспечит лучший подход к удовлетворению потребностей студентов.

Начало работы с пилотным проектом подразумевает участие от 500 до 1000 первокурсников и охват двух-трех институтов или факультетов. Минимальное количество в 500 студентов необходимо для того, чтобы результаты были значимыми; в противном случае проект рискует стать лишь демонстрационным и не отражать реальной ситуации. Максимальный предел в 1000-1500 студентов обусловлен тем, что с большим количеством участников сложнее управлять в случае непредвиденных обстоятельств. Пилотный проект с численностью до 1000 студентов предоставляет возможность без значительных рисков протестировать гипотезы и получить достоверные данные.

После успешной апробации инструментов на пилотном проекте университет, как правило, масштабирует их применение на всех студентов. Это позволяет повысить качество образования и обеспечить более эффективное освоение учебного материала.

Some universities are seeking to introduce individual educational trajectories (IET) for everyone students. This improves the quality of education and tailors the learning process to the needs of each student. Implementing IET for 100% of students is an ambitious goal that requires significant resources and a well-thought-out strategy. Effective implementation of this initiative can significantly improve the learning process and increase student satisfaction.

This depends on the strategic approach of each university. For example, Tyumen State University actively pursues innovation and has clear goals in this area. At the same time, some educational institutions adhere to a more conservative strategy. They launch small pilot projects, analyze the results and student reactions, and then gradually, step by step, implement the new learning model. This approach minimizes risks and adapts to changes in the educational environment.

Some universities do not update educational models in existing faculties, but create new educational structures in parallel—greenfields. Launching a new department or school within a modern educational model often proves to be a more efficient and less complex process.

The greenfield model is often difficult to scale to other departments because it is established as a special elite school. Universities invest significant resources in it, making similar development impossible for the entire university. This approach creates an imbalance in the distribution of resources and opportunities, which can negatively impact the overall level of education at the institution.

The individualization of education is becoming an increasingly pressing topic in higher education. However, the question of whether individualization is necessary for all universities and programs requires careful consideration. In a rapidly changing world of knowledge and technology, the approach to education must take into account the unique needs of students and the demands of the labor market.

Some universities and programs can significantly benefit from an individualized approach that allows curricula and teaching methods to be adapted to the interests and abilities of students. This can increase student motivation and engagement, which, in turn, leads to higher academic achievement and successful careers for graduates.

However, there are areas and universities where individualization may be less relevant. For example, in technical disciplines, where standards and knowledge requirements are clearly established, a mass approach to learning may be more effective.

Thus, the need for individualization in education depends on the specific conditions, goals, and characteristics of educational institutions and programs. It is important to find a balance between universal teaching methods and adaptation to the individual needs of students to ensure a high-quality education.

This issue is of great interest. Universities with a conservative approach often argue that individualization of education is suitable only for others, but not for them. They believe that individualization is impossible at their institutions. Similar opinions can be found at universities of various profiles. However, it is important to understand that individualization can improve the quality of education and adapt it to the needs of each student. This is becoming especially relevant in the modern educational process, where a variety of approaches and teaching methods allows for better consideration of the individual characteristics of students.

Individualization in education encompasses a variety of practices aimed at adapting the educational process to the needs and interests of students. However, this approach does not assume that students are completely independent in creating their own curriculum. There are radical examples where learning is completely customized to a specific student, but these are the exception, not the rule. In most cases, individualization implies flexibility in the choice of methods, topics, and pace of learning, which allows for more effective achievement of educational goals.

Individualized educational trajectories are becoming increasingly popular in modern education. Among the frequently used practices is adaptive learning, where the educational process is tailored to the abilities and interests of each student. Electronic platforms are also widely used, allowing for the creation of personalized courses and materials appropriate to the student's level of knowledge. Another common practice is mentoring, where an experienced specialist assists a student in their educational journey, offering advice and support. Project-based learning is also important, allowing students to work on real-world problems while developing critical thinking and independence skills. These practices promote more effective learning and increase student motivation. In the social sciences and humanities, there is significant opportunity for individualization, particularly in the choice of research topics and discipline areas. This diversity allows researchers to focus on aspects that are most relevant and align with their professional interests. Individualized approaches to topic selection facilitate deep analysis and a comprehensive understanding of social and humanities processes. In engineering, individualization of learning plays a key role, reflected both in the diversity of technologies available for study and professional application and in the level of student preparation. Basic disciplines such as physics and mathematics can present significant challenges for many students at university. Therefore, it is important to compensate for differences in initial knowledge levels to ensure successful adaptation to the curriculum. Effective individualized learning methods will help students master essential concepts and integrate more quickly into the educational process. Individualization in medical education has deep roots. Medical students first complete a general course that covers core knowledge and skills, then choose their specialization. During their residency, they further deepen their knowledge in their chosen field. Various global practices of individualization can significantly improve the educational process in medical schools, providing a more personalized approach to student learning and development. The implementation of such methods will help prepare qualified specialists capable of effectively solving complex medical problems.

Every The field can be viewed from the perspective of individualization, as different areas require unique approaches. Adapting individualization methods to a specific field allows for more effective satisfaction of the target audience and improved service quality. It is important to consider the specifics of each field to develop appropriate strategies that improve customer interactions and enhance their satisfaction.

What does digitalization have to do with it?

Individualization and digitalization are closely related, and for good reason. Digitalization involves the use of modern technologies and data to optimize processes, which in turn opens up new opportunities for personalization of services and products.

When companies switch to digital platforms, they begin to collect and analyze consumer data, which allows them to better understand their needs and preferences. This knowledge is key to creating a personalized approach. For example, by analyzing user behavior on a website or in an app, companies can offer personalized recommendations, significantly increasing customer satisfaction.

Thus, digitalization serves as the foundation for successful individualization, allowing companies to effectively use data to create a unique experience for each customer. Without digital technologies, implementing a personalized approach becomes significantly more difficult and less effective.

Let's consider the situation with courses in different languages. It is likely that the division of groups by alphabet occurs not due to a lack of interest in students' wishes, but due to the specifics of university management. This system lacks a mechanism for students to express their preferences and have their responses taken into account.

In a case where 50 people need to be divided into two equal groups, an effective student registration tool is required. It should allow each participant to choose the group of their choice. After registration is complete, the administration must analyze the group composition to ensure that all students have registered and the number of places is complied with. Next, the distribution must be aligned with the schedule, and credit and exam reports must be correctly generated. This approach ensures organization and transparency of the process, and also helps avoid errors in distribution and accounting.

While choosing between two options, as is possible in Excel, the situation becomes more complex when dealing with 8,000 students each choosing two of 600 elective courses. As a result, the composition of groups becomes completely dynamic, meaning that students from different years and fields of study may study in the same course. Maintaining such dynamics is possible only with the help of digital tools. The use of automated systems and software allows for the effective management of course selection, optimizing the learning process and ensuring flexibility in the educational environment.

Digital tools must have a number of key features for effective use. First, they must provide an intuitive interface that allows users to easily navigate and perform the necessary actions. Second, the ability to integrate with other applications and systems is important, which will enhance their functionality and ease of use.

Furthermore, digital tools must provide reliable data protection, ensuring the safety of personal and confidential information. It's also worth noting the ability to analyze and generate reports, which will help users evaluate their performance and make informed decisions.

Mobile platform support is also an important aspect, allowing users to work with tools on the go. Finally, regular updates and user support contribute to increased trust and satisfaction with the use of digital tools.

A key advantage is the ability to create a personalized schedule. Over the course of a semester, each student will participate in six or seven different study groups, making a standard group schedule insufficient for effective planning of the educational process.

To successfully create a schedule, it is necessary to have a reliable tool for selecting and enrolling in courses. This process is always accompanied by competition. Students actively compete for available places in the most in-demand courses, while instructors strive to attract the best students by offering increasingly interesting and relevant programs. This creates a dynamic educational environment where the quality of courses is constantly improving, and students have the opportunity to choose the options that best suit them.

The university needs to prepare its infrastructure in advance for a situation where thousands of students will simultaneously log into the system to select courses. We are developing the Modeus platform with high loads in mind, ensuring its ability to withstand tens and hundreds of thousands of simultaneous users. This will ensure stable operation and convenience for all students during the course selection process.

It is necessary to change the approach to conducting sessions by switching to the use of electronic transcripts and electronic gradebooks. This will increase the efficiency of the process, simplify document flow, and improve access to up-to-date information for students and faculty. The implementation of such technologies will ensure more convenient management of educational data and reduce the time spent on paperwork.

Numerous universities operate on the Modeus platform, providing students with access to high-quality education and modern technologies. This system unites educational institutions, offering a wide range of online courses and programs, making education more accessible and flexible for students. Modeus actively collaborates with universities, striving to improve the educational process and implement innovative solutions in higher education.

Currently, we collaborate with seven universities and provide consulting support to ten more. Our projects typically begin with consultations, as the transition to individual educational trajectories is a complex transformational process. In the second stage of our collaboration, when the university is already organizationally ready, we provide it with a platform for implementing new educational opportunities.

The effectiveness of the choice between in-house development, purchasing, or adapting an external system depends on the specific needs of the business and its strategies. In-house development allows for the creation of a unique solution that fully meets the company's requirements, but requires a significant investment of time and resources. Purchasing a ready-made solution can be a faster and cheaper alternative, but it may not take into account the specific needs of the business. Adapting an external system represents a compromise between these approaches, allowing the use of an existing solution tailored to the specific needs of the company. Therefore, the most effective option should be selected based on an analysis of long-term goals, budget, and available resources.

There is no single answer to the question of choosing IT solutions for a university. A key factor is the availability of a qualified team of programmers at the educational institution. If such a team is absent, the university should consider purchasing third-party software or forming an in-house team to create an effective IT department. Creating a strong IT department will allow the university not only to implement modern technologies but also to ensure their further support and development.

If the team has the necessary experience, it is necessary to consider whether it has enough time for large-scale development. Creating a system like Modeus requires significant resources and can take tens of person-years. If time is limited, it is important to consider available solutions on the market that can meet the objectives and reduce the project implementation time.

The issue of funding is key. Based on our experience, which extends beyond cooperation with universities, it can be said that both external and internal solutions require similar investments in the long term. При выборе внутренней разработки вы, в конечном счёте, потратите аналогичную сумму, однако процесс займет больше времени. Качество конечного решения во многом зависит от квалификации и опыта специалистов внутри университета, которые будут заниматься проектом.

В последние месяцы вузы столкнулись с проблемами доступа к зарубежным IT-продуктам, используемым в их системах. Ограничения на использование иностранных технологий негативно сказались на образовательном процессе. Установленные барьеры препятствуют интеграции современных решений, необходимых для эффективного обучения и управления учебными процессами. В результате учебные заведения вынуждены искать альтернативные решения и адаптироваться к новым условиям, что требует значительных усилий и ресурсов.

В образовательных учреждениях серьезных проблем с использованием программного обеспечения не наблюдается. Вузы чаще всего обращаются к зарубежным решениям, которые могут быть как с открытым исходным кодом, так и on-premise-инсталляциями, что позволяет их дальнейшее развитие. Одним из таких примеров являются решения на базе Oracle. Если в вузе есть команда специалистов, знакомых с Oracle и способных выполнять доработки, а лицензия приобретена и система установлена, то функционирование системы не будет нарушено. Единственным недостатком является отсутствие обновлений для ядра Oracle, однако это не приводит к катастрофическим последствиям.

Университетам необходимо пересмотреть свою долгосрочную стратегию и сосредоточиться на внедрении отечественных решений и разработок. Это позволит не только повысить уровень образования, но и укрепить позиции российских образовательных учреждений на мировом рынке. Разработка и внедрение собственных технологий обеспечит независимость и устойчивость в условиях глобальной конкуренции. Поддержка внутреннего производства и инноваций станет залогом успешного развития университетов и их выпускников.

Как индивидуализация и цифровизация влияют на сотрудников вузов

Внедрение Интернета вещей (ИОТ) в сочетании с цифровизацией может привести к оптимизации процессов в образовательных учреждениях, что, в свою очередь, может сказаться на численности административного персонала. Например, автоматизация рутинных задач и использование цифровых платформ для управления учебными процессами могут снизить потребность в большом количестве сотрудников в учебной части. Это позволяет не только сократить затраты, но и повысить эффективность работы, освобождая время для более важных задач. Однако важно учитывать, что такие изменения могут также открыть новые возможности для создания дополнительных рабочих мест в других областях, связанных с ИОТ и цифровыми технологиями.

Most likely, staff reductions won't occur unless we're talking about automating individual functions. Individualizing educational processes at a university entails the introduction of new approaches and tasks that require implementation. This means that implementing these processes requires employee involvement, which in turn doesn't reduce headcount.

Let's return to the example of language selection. To successfully organize this process, it's necessary to first inform students, then prepare all the necessary data in the system, and process the results. If someone doesn't make a choice on time, additional work will be required with those who haven't expressed their opinion. We call this process "election campaigning." It illustrates the importance of a systematic approach to organizing such events, which allows for the most effective engagement of participants and the collection of relevant data.

Redeployment of staff at educational institutions is often observed. When creating a schedule, processes can be optimized and fewer people can be involved, while conducting election campaigns will require more staff. Therefore, it would be incorrect to claim that the university will transition to individualized digital processes and cut, for example, half of its administrative staff. In reality, such a transformation requires adapting human resources based on current tasks and activities.

Faculty should consider the potential consequences of closing courses that do not generate student interest. This could lead not only to a reduction in the number of courses offered but also to the risk of job losses for those teaching these courses. It is important to consider that the demand for educational programs directly affects the stability of teaching positions. Therefore, faculty should actively monitor trends in education, adapt their courses to student needs, and develop their skills to remain competitive in the education market.

In this context, we are not discussing mandatory courses. Rules for the popularity of certain topics apply only in cases where students are offered a real choice. Most often, faculty teach several courses, and the lack of demand for one elective course does not lead to the dismissal of a faculty member from the university. This highlights the importance of course diversity and program flexibility, allowing instructors to maintain their positions even if a particular course is not in demand.

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Canceling a course can signal to an instructor that the chosen topic does not interest students. It may also indicate that the style of presentation does not meet the audience's expectations. In this case, the instructor faces a difficult psychological situation when students have the opportunity to evaluate the quality of their work. This experience can be a valuable lesson, allowing them to reconsider their teaching approach and adapt to the needs of their students.

Listening to student feedback is a serious challenge for many instructors. It is important to be able to filter this information, as not all feedback is constructive. However, analyzing student feedback provides a unique opportunity to significantly improve the learning process and the quality of the material taught. Effective use of feedback contributes to the development of teaching skills and increases student satisfaction with the educational process.

The implementation of Information and Educational Technologies (IET) is truly changing the approach to launching elective courses at universities. While previously the primary focus was on what faculty could offer, the emphasis is now shifting to the interests and desires of students. This creates a more attractive and relevant educational environment where courses meet learners' needs. This approach promotes student engagement and improves the quality of education at universities.

Both options are acceptable, but a third option is adapting educational programs to meet the needs of potential employers. It is important for universities to establish an effective dialogue with employers and implement courses on topics that are relevant to the labor market and meet graduate expectations. This will provide graduates with the necessary knowledge and skills, which will enhance their competitiveness and improve their employability after graduation.

It is not necessary to say that any of the three proposed options is good or bad. Each has its application in certain situations. The first option is especially relevant when a university has a significant scientific school or a strategically important scientific field. It is important to engage students in this field, and the most effective way to do this is through specialized courses or other disciplines that provide a deeper understanding of the specifics of a given scientific field. The development of scientific schools cannot be ignored, as they play a key role in the formation of future specialists and the advancement of science in general.

The second option is extremely important for students who know exactly what they want. They should be able to make an informed choice. However, many express doubts, claiming that students do not know how to choose. Indeed, this may seem true, but the reason lies in the fact that they have never been taught this. It's essential to develop students' decision-making skills so they can confidently navigate their desires and goals. A personalized environment teaches people to make informed choices and take responsibility for their decisions. Once a student has chosen a course, they are obligated not only to master it but also to actively participate in the learning process. It's impossible to simply drop a course mid-semester, declaring that they didn't like it. This highlights the importance of being aware of your goals and the consequences of your choices in the educational process.

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A tutor at a university plays an important role in the educational process, providing support and Supporting students throughout their studies. Their primary role is to help them master the material, develop their independence, and develop critical thinking skills. Tutors conduct individual and group lessons, organize consultations, and hold seminars where students can ask questions and receive guidance on completing assignments. Tutors also monitor students' academic performance, identify their strengths and weaknesses, and help them overcome learning difficulties. They may also participate in the development of curricula and programs, adapting them to the needs of students. An important part of a tutor's work is creating a comfortable and trusting atmosphere that promotes open communication between students and teachers. A tutor becomes a link, helping students integrate into the educational process and adapt to university requirements.

Thus, a tutor at a university not only imparts knowledge but also contributes to the development of personal and professional qualities in students, which makes their work indispensable in modern education.

Who and why objects to individualization

With teachers, everything is clear. But have you encountered cases where students resisted the introduction of information and educational technologies (IET)?

The introduction of a new teaching model at the University of Tyumen faced certain difficulties in the first year, especially in mixed groups. However, the greatest number of complaints comes not from students, but from parents. This emphasizes the importance of involving families in the educational process and the need to take their opinions and experiences into account.

The reasons for dissatisfaction can be varied. This is often due to a mismatch between expectations and reality, a lack of information, or unsatisfactory results. People may not understand why certain decisions are being made or encounter problems that go unaddressed. It's important to identify these reasons and address them to improve communication and increase satisfaction.

Some parents come to the university and express dissatisfaction: "Why aren't you teaching my child the way you did 30 years ago? We had a better education back then, please bring it back."

The university should be prepared to actively engage with parents, explaining the reasons for changes and innovations, as well as current trends in the educational environment. It's important to explain the specific opportunities available to students and how they impact their future. Regular communication campaigns will help keep parents informed, which, in turn, will reduce resistance and increase trust in the educational process. Information creates transparency and promotes a more harmonious collaboration between the university and students' families.

At Tyumen State University, we are actively discussing the experience of individualization. During our collaboration, we conducted over 50 election campaigns, and in each of them, the percentage of "silent students"—students who failed to make a choice by the deadline—was less than 10%. This demonstrates that the university administration is effectively allocating resources and engaging students in the process. A figure of less than 10% is very positive for social systems, as it demonstrates students' interest in participating in elections and decision-making.

The parental resistance you mention may indeed be related to nostalgia for old educational standards. Previously, a higher education diploma clearly demonstrated that a graduate had acquired specific knowledge and skills in a specific profession. At that time, diplomas at different universities across the country had a similar structure and content, allowing employers to confidently rely on graduates' qualifications.

However, with the transition to individualized educational trajectories, the question arises about what graduates actually learned. For example, a student who selected numerous courses in the humanities may receive a degree in programming, but their actual training may not meet employer expectations.

Such objections to individualized education are worth considering. It is important to develop a system that ensures a balance between flexibility in course selection and the required standards of professional training. This will allow graduates not only to meet labor market demands but also to develop their personal interests and abilities. Ultimately, the goal of modern education is to prepare specialists capable of adapting to a rapidly changing world while maintaining high educational standards.

One of the most common objections concerns students' choice of courses. This opinion is found not only among parents but also at universities. Faculty members often express concern: "What kind of diploma can we issue if students choose different areas of study?" These objections often arise due to a lack of awareness among staff about the chosen individualization model. It is important to note that the diversity of approaches to individualization does not imply an absence of boundaries. Despite the availability of various options, the foundation remains unchanged: students must master key professional disciplines. This ensures high-quality education and the graduate's readiness for the demands of the labor market. To obtain a software engineering diploma, a student cannot replace theoretical courses on algorithms with Kant's philosophy. If a graduate is awarded a programming diploma, this demonstrates that they have successfully mastered all the required courses that the university deems necessary for this program. Around this required base, there are many additional courses and add-ons, which may vary depending on the educational institution and its program. Universities face several key challenges in the transition to information technology education (IET). First, inadequate training of faculty in the use of new technologies becomes a significant barrier. Many of them lack the necessary skills to effectively integrate IET into the educational process. Second, technical issues, such as insufficient infrastructure and a lack of a stable internet connection, also hinder the successful integration of technologies. Third, difficulties adapting curricula to new learning formats often lead to lack of student motivation and a decline in the quality of education. It is also important to consider resistance to change from both faculty and students, which can slow the transition. Successful implementation of IET requires a comprehensive approach, including training, technical support, and ongoing updating of teaching materials. The first challenge is setting goals and answering the question "Why?" If university leadership is unprepared to provide a clear answer to this question, the project's implementation will be jeopardized. It is important to have a clear motivation, rather than simply following fashion trends. If a university claims that it needs individualization only because the Priority program requires it, collaborating with such an institution will be impossible. Without meaningful motivation, any changes will be superficial and ineffective.

The next question is what new educational model we plan to implement and how it will differ from existing ones. The university team must develop a concept for this innovative educational model, taking into account current trends and student needs. It is important to identify the key characteristics that will make our model more effective and attractive to students. It is also necessary to consider how the new model can improve the learning process, increase student engagement, and adapt to a rapidly changing world.

To successfully pilot the model, it is important to select a suitable site, assemble a team ready for change, and initiate the change management process. The key challenge in this process is the transition from traditional functional logic to developmental logic, which requires flexibility and openness to new approaches.

The difference between them lies in their functional and aesthetic characteristics. Each of these elements has its own characteristics that can significantly influence the choice depending on the intended use. For example, one may be more effective in certain conditions, while another offers a more attractive design. When choosing between these options, it is important to consider not only the technical parameters but also how they fit into the overall context of your project. This will allow you to make an informed choice that meets your requirements and expectations.

The first model assumes the presence of an established process: traditionally, we developed curricula, planned the teaching load, and created a schedule. People are accustomed to functioning within this logic. However, when changes are introduced to the system, it is necessary to shift to a developmental logic. This requires the design of new approaches and their implementation. Many experience difficulty adapting to such changes.

We provide consulting services to universities to support project logic. Our goal is to ensure the dynamic development of projects, facilitating the regular implementation of changes and monitoring processes to prevent them from reverting to outdated methods. Мы понимаем, что соблазн действовать по старым схемам велик, и поэтому предлагаем инновационные решения для эффективного управления проектами.

Вузу важно не только видеть конечный результат, но и активно двигаться к нему. На этом пути ключевым моментом становится выявление «быстрых побед». Эти небольшие, но значимые достижения позволяют объективно оценить прогресс и подтвердить: «Да, у нас есть успехи». Такой подход способствует поддержанию высокой мотивации команды и создает позитивную атмосферу для дальнейшей работы. Определение и достижение «быстрых побед» является важной стратегией в образовательных учреждениях, способствующей эффективному развитию и повышению общего уровня результатов.

К каким результатам приводит индивидуализация

Успех внедрения Интернета вещей (ИОТ) можно оценить по нескольким ключевым критериям. Во-первых, важным показателем является повышение эффективности процессов. Это может проявляться в снижении затрат, увеличении скорости операций и улучшении качества продукции или услуг. Во-вторых, стоит обратить внимание на уровень автоматизации и интеграции системы ИОТ с существующими бизнес-процессами. Третьим критерием является степень удовлетворенности пользователей и клиентов, что может быть оценено через опросы и отзывы. Четвертым важным аспектом является анализ данных, собираемых с помощью ИОТ, и их влияние на принятие управленческих решений. Наконец, следует учитывать возврат инвестиций (ROI) от внедрения ИОТ, который демонстрирует финансовую целесообразность проекта. Все эти факторы в совокупности позволяют объективно оценить успех внедрения технологий Интернета вещей в бизнесе.

На данный момент еще рано оценивать результаты выпускников, поскольку в ТюмГУ, где внедрение информационных образовательных технологий (ИОТ) осуществляется на протяжении длительного времени, прошло всего два выпуска бакалавров по новой модели обучения.

Согласно данным Тюменского государственного университета, возможно провести сравнительный анализ учебных процессов студентов, обучающихся по модели индивидуализации и традиционной модели в одном вузе. Студенты, проходящие обучение по индивидуализированному образовательному траектории (ИОТ), демонстрируют значительно более высокие показатели рефлексии, осознанности и понимания своих учебных целей. Это свидетельствует о преимуществах индивидуализированного подхода в образовании и его положительном влиянии на учебные результаты.

Higher awareness, reflection, and purposefulness manifest in a person's ability to more deeply understand their thoughts, feelings, and actions. This includes the ability to analyze one's actions and their consequences, as well as to set clear and meaningful goals. Mindfulness allows one to better recognize the internal and external circumstances that influence decision-making. Reflection helps one learn from past experiences and achieved results, which in turn facilitates personal growth. Understanding goals is associated with clarity in defining one's priorities and aspirations, which helps one focus on what truly matters. A mindful approach to life and work contributes to more effective time and resource management and increases life satisfaction.

According to published data, the number of voluntary withdrawals has decreased by approximately 30%. At the same time, a similar 30% increase in the number of transfers between training programs has been observed. This indicates that students are becoming more interested in changing their educational trajectory, which may indicate an improvement in the quality of the educational process and the adaptation of programs to student needs.

Previously, students who made the wrong choice of educational program before the start of their first year faced limitations. They could either drop out of the university and enroll in another institution or remain in a program that did not suit them. Program transitions were rare. However, the situation has changed at Tyumen State University. The university has synchronized first-year curricula and actively supports students in defining their educational goals. Students now have the opportunity to change programs more frequently, allowing them to more closely match their interests and aspirations. This innovation significantly improves the quality of education and increases student satisfaction with the learning process.

Individualized learning promotes student retention without resorting to artificially inflating grades for weak students. This approach allows universities to effectively manage resources and save money.

The importance of reading cannot be overestimated. It promotes the development of thinking, broadens horizons and improves communication skills. Reading books, articles, and other materials helps you absorb new knowledge and develop critical thinking. In today's world, where information is available in vast quantities, the ability to identify important information and analyze what you read is especially valuable. Regular reading improves concentration and memory and is also an excellent stress reliever. Therefore, devote time to reading, choosing a variety of genres and formats to enrich your inner world and improve your quality of life.

Regional universities are experiencing growing concern about student dropout, a topic that has become a hot topic in recent years. Faculty and administrators express concern that strict measures could negatively impact the university's reputation and funding. In a world of increased competition among educational institutions, it is important not only to retain students but also to create conditions for their successful education. Therefore, universities are striving to find alternative methods of supporting students to avoid dropout and help them cope with academic difficulties.

Other universities with which we collaborate are already seeing positive results. The established programs and initiatives contribute to the improvement of the educational process and the quality of teaching. Institutions report increased student engagement and improved academic performance. These changes confirm the effectiveness of the implemented methods and strategies, which is an important step toward improving higher education. Faculty note that when students independently choose a course, their motivation in classes increases significantly. This creates a more positive learning atmosphere and facilitates the instructor's work. Students who are interested in the subject matter are more engaged, which contributes to deeper learning and an improved educational experience. Faculty can now propose new course topics, which facilitates student self-realization. As part of the flexible curriculum, they have the opportunity to propose topics that are relevant and important to them. If these topics resonate with students, faculty can organize and teach appropriate courses. This not only enriches the educational process but also increases student engagement, creating a more dynamic and diverse learning environment.

Universities actively implementing information technology (IT) for education (IET) have identified several interesting and unusual practices. First, many institutions have begun using virtual and augmented reality to create interactive educational materials. This allows students to immerse themselves in the learning process and better grasp complex concepts.

Second, the development of online courses and distance learning has become the standard. Universities are implementing collaboration platforms, which facilitate more effective interaction between students and faculty, even at a distance.

Another interesting practice is the use of data analytics to personalize the educational process. Universities analyze student progress and offer individualized recommendations, which improves the level of learning.

Also worth noting is the integration of game elements into the educational process. Gamification helps increase student motivation and makes learning more engaging.

These practices highlight how information technology (IT) can not only improve the quality of education but also make it more accessible and engaging for students.

There are numerous examples of flexible approaches to learning. One such example is the initiative of colleagues from UrFU, who gave students the opportunity to choose the teaching format within the core part of the course, and not just among elective courses. Students could study philosophy and history both at UrFU and online on the Open Education platform, and they also had the opportunity to choose their instructor. Interestingly, not all students preferred the online format; for many, it was important to attend in-person classes and interact with the instructor and fellow students in person. This approach emphasizes the importance of personal interaction in the educational process and the diversity of ways to acquire knowledge.

The election campaign for the master's program at MEPhI is being implemented according to a unique model of priorities. In the traditional approach, admission to the most popular courses is on a first-come, first-served basis, similar to the process of buying public transportation tickets. In the alternative model, students are given the opportunity to rank available courses based on their preferences, from most to least desirable. This process takes longer than in the standard model. An algorithm or responsible staff member then distributes students so that the maximum number of successful candidates can enroll in the courses they prioritize. This system allows for a more effective alignment of student interests and enhances the quality of education in the MEPhI Master's program. The advantages of this approach for universities and students lie in several key aspects. For educational institutions, it provides an opportunity to improve the quality of instruction, increase student engagement, and adapt to modern educational requirements. This approach allows universities to optimize curricula, implement innovative teaching methods, and utilize modern technologies. Students, in turn, benefit from more interactive and practice-oriented learning, which promotes better assimilation of the material and prepares them for real-world work conditions. This approach also promotes the development of critical thinking and creativity, which is important in a rapidly changing labor market. Academic rank and other student achievements are taken into account when assigning courses. This means that those who demonstrate strong academic performance have a better chance of successfully enrolling in the courses they are interested in. This assignment system is fairer, but it only functions effectively when course selection is limited. Adaptive learning is an effective approach in which the system of assignments and learning content is adjusted to the individual speed of each student's learning. Some students can complete a course in a month, while others may study it throughout the semester, spending several months on the first five topics and then quickly moving through the remaining sections. Some students also prefer an even distribution of the workload throughout the course. This approach maximizes the efficient use of time and resources, providing a deeper understanding of the material being studied.

Courses requiring specialized software solutions can be expensive, but they provide a high level of comfort for students. Tomsk State University is developing such solutions in mathematics, Sechenov University in chemistry, and MEPhI is actively implementing similar approaches in physics education. These educational institutions strive to use modern technologies to improve the quality of education and enhance the effectiveness of the learning process.

Successfully completing a semester-long course in a month can have several positive consequences. First, they can save significant time, opening up opportunities for further study or practical work. Second, rapid mastery of the material can indicate a high level of independence and perseverance, which will positively impact their academic reputation. This experience can also help develop effective time management skills and self-discipline, which are important aspects of academic and professional life. Furthermore, successful completion of the course in a short period of time can strengthen the student's self-confidence and increase motivation for further education.

Most likely, they will have the opportunity to devote time to research or an engineering project. Many universities offer advanced courses that can be useful for in-depth study of the subject.

What's next for IET

Individualization in Russian universities has significant prospects, especially in light of the abandonment of the Bologna process. The transition to a specialist degree presupposes a more in-depth development of curricula and programs, which opens up opportunities to adapt the educational process to the needs of students. This can improve the quality of education and make it more targeted.

In the context of large-scale projects such as digital departments and Advanced Engineering Schools, individualization can be integrated through modern educational technologies. The use of online platforms and flexible learning materials enables the creation of personalized learning paths tailored to the interests and abilities of each student. This also contributes to the development of specialists who meet the demands of the labor market. Thus, changes in the higher education system are opening up new horizons for individualization, which can lead to improved quality of specialist training and more efficient use of university resources. The level of education is not as important as its name, whether it is a bachelor's degree, secondary vocational education, master's degree, specialist degree, or continuing education courses. The trend toward individualization of education is actively permeating all areas and levels. This means that educational institutions will adapt to the needs of students, offering programs that align with their personal goals and interests. An individual approach to learning allows each student to unlock their potential, making the educational process more effective and relevant.

Other projects also offer the opportunity for individualization. For example, within the framework of "Advanced Engineering Schools," the level of training of engineers plays a key role. This allows us to consider the needs and abilities of each student, ensuring more targeted and effective learning.

Modern technologies are developing at an incredible speed, and it is critical for engineers to have the opportunity to experiment with different technologies to solve the same problems. Expanding engineering horizons is becoming an important aspect of individualized professional development. This allows specialists not only to improve their skills but also to find more effective approaches to solving complex problems, which, in turn, contributes to their competitiveness in the labor market.

Project-based learning is an important aspect of the educational process. This approach makes it impossible to follow predetermined templates, as each team works on unique projects with their own specifics. Therefore, individualized theoretical training may be necessary for each team to ensure successful project implementation. This approach fosters students' creativity and adaptability, which facilitates a deeper acquisition of the knowledge and skills needed to solve real-world problems.

In your observations, are universities becoming more flexible and open to proposals from industrial partners thanks to Information Open Technologies (IOT)? In recent years, there has been a trend toward improved interaction between universities and businesses. IOT facilitates the creation of more transparent and accessible platforms for knowledge and resource sharing. This allows universities to more quickly adapt to labor market demands and implement relevant programs that meet industry needs. В результате вузы становятся более привлекательными для потенциальных студентов и партнеров, что способствует их развитию и повышению конкурентоспособности.

Университет, который активно учитывает мнения студентов и реагирует на изменения в обществе, получает возможность адаптировать образовательные программы и процессы в соответствии с актуальными запросами. Гибкость в обучении позволяет не только улучшить качество образования, но и создать более привлекательную образовательную среду, соответствующую современным требованиям.

Представим ситуацию: в 2012 году преподаватель заинтересовался темой Data Science, анализом данных и Big Data. В это время область только начинала развиваться, и он мог бы предложить элективный курс. Студенты, привлеченные новизной темы, начали бы работать над проектом, что способствовало бы развитию направления в университете. Если бы вуз заметил растущий интерес к курсу, это могло бы стать сигналом о перспективах темы, что оправдало бы необходимость создания полноценной образовательной программы. Популярность курса могла бы привести к изменениям в образовательной среде, отражая актуальные тенденции и потребности рынка труда. В конечном итоге, выбор студентов стал бы для университета индикатором изменений, подчеркивающим необходимость адаптации образовательных программ к современным требованиям.

В теории изменения в университетах выглядят многообещающе. Однако как обстоят дела на практике? Вы наблюдаете реальные преобразования в учебных заведениях, с которыми сотрудничаете?

Не прошло много времени с момента внедрения индивидуализации в образовательный процесс. Для того чтобы изменения стали заметными, требуется несколько лет. Например, коллеги из Тюменского государственного университета успешно запустили элективные курсы и проводят анализ их востребованности каждый год. На основе полученных данных принимаются управленческие решения. Мы, как поставщики платформы, не углубляемся в детали этого процесса, но знаем, что в университете осуществляется тщательный анализ всех данных.

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