Quotes of the Month: On EdTech Regulation, Online Learning, and the Purpose of Higher Education

About the regulation of EdTech and "pseudo-teachers"

A deputy of the State Duma of the Russian Federation represents the interests of citizens and participates in the development and adoption of laws. His main task is legislative activity, discussion and voting on bills, as well as control over the activities of the executive branch. State Duma deputies serve on various committees, focusing on specific areas such as economics, education, healthcare, and social issues. An important part of their work is engaging with constituents, allowing them to take citizen opinions into account when formulating legislative initiatives. Deputies also have the opportunity to amend existing legislation, and their work contributes to the development of democratic processes in the country. The field of online education requires careful analysis. Currently, the need to create clear criteria to distinguish between bloggers providing high-quality educational services and those engaged in dishonest promotion, known as infogypsies, is being discussed. It may be necessary to develop qualification standards for such educational bloggers to ensure high standards and user trust.

Member of the commission of the Public Chamber of the Russian Federation, engaged in the development of pre-school, school and secondary vocational education, as well as educational activities. This commission plays a key role in shaping educational policy aimed at improving the quality of education and developing educational initiatives in the country. The commission's main responsibilities include analyzing current problems in the education system, developing recommendations for improving educational standards, and supporting innovative projects aimed at increasing the accessibility and quality of educational services. Membership in this commission allows one to make a significant contribution to the development of domestic education and enlightenment.

The roundtable discussion "Russian EdTech: Trends and Prospects" will be held at the Civic Chamber of the Russian Federation. The event will analyze current trends in educational technology in Russia and discuss possible areas for their development. Participants will be able to share experiences, discuss innovative solutions, and identify key challenges facing the EdTech sector in our country. We expect this event to become an important platform for dialogue between representatives of educational institutions, businesses, and government agencies.

In the near future, we may encounter initiatives from legislators in the State Duma discussing the possibility of licensing or creating a registry of unscrupulous "infogypsies." It's important that such measures don't negatively impact the high-quality services created by leading companies. These companies invest heavily not only in platform development but also in creating new jobs. Maintaining high standards in the industry is necessary for further development and support of innovation.

The Chairman of the Commission of the Public Chamber of the Russian Federation, responsible for the development of pre-school, school and secondary vocational education, as well as educational activities, plays a key role in shaping the country's educational policy. This position entails active participation in the discussion and development of initiatives aimed at improving the quality of education at all levels. An important task of the commission is to promote the implementation of modern educational standards and technologies, thereby creating a more effective and accessible educational environment for all students. Under the leadership of the chairperson, the commission also addresses issues of advanced training for teaching staff and the implementation of educational programs, which form the basis for developing competitive young people in the face of global change.

A roundtable discussion on "Russian EdTech: Trends and Prospects" will be held at the Civic Chamber of the Russian Federation. This event will focus on current issues and future directions for the development of educational technologies in Russia. Participants will discuss the latest trends in EdTech, as well as the opportunities and challenges facing this sector.

It is important to understand that the process of regulating online education will affect many users. Extremes must be avoided to preserve the quality of the educational process. Unfortunately, on social media platforms like Instagram and VKontakte, users often follow so-called "teachers" who lack the necessary expertise. This can lead to the misconception that online education is generally of poor quality. It's important to note that engaging with unscrupulous representatives can negatively impact the reputation of the entire online education industry. We must strive to ensure that users do not reject the opportunities for high-quality education on the Internet because of negative experiences with some "info gypsies."

The Deputy Chairman of the State Duma Committee of the Russian Federation on Information Policy, Information Technology and Communications plays an important role in The Deputy Chairman is responsible for the development and implementation of state policy in the areas of media policy and digitalization. He/she is responsible for the development and discussion of draft laws aimed at regulating information technology and protecting citizens' rights in the digital space. This position requires in-depth knowledge of IT, as well as an understanding of current trends in information technology and communications. The Deputy Chairman actively interacts with industry representatives, experts, and the public, which contributes to the effective resolution of problems related to the development of the information society in Russia.

In today's digital space, we are seeing more and more examples of effective self-regulation. Online educational platforms must unite to counter so-called "infogypsies," who pose a serious threat to the reputation of online education. Such a coalition can lead to a clear positioning: "Here you won't encounter deception, and here you can count on real results." The industry may not consider "infogypsies" competitors, but in reality, they are the ones who select clients, and users need a seal of quality—an online course label that will immediately let them know that guarantees are met and that they won't lose money. The optimal solution for the educational business would be for rules and standards to be developed within the industry, rather than by lawmakers, and then codified into law.

Last year, the topic of regulating online education for adults became particularly relevant and continues to evolve. A closed meeting was held in the State Duma dedicated to the problems of continuing professional education in a digital format. At this event, the idea of creating a registry of unscrupulous online coaches was voiced. Later, the Civic Chamber of the Russian Federation discussed the prospects for the development of EdTech, emphasizing the importance of high-quality online education and the need to protect the interests of learners.

A deputy of the State Duma of the Russian Federation represents the interests of citizens and participates in legislative activity. Their main task is to develop and pass laws that impact society. Deputies serve on various committees where they discuss bills, conduct expert reviews, and listen to expert opinions. A key aspect of a deputy's work is interacting with constituents, which allows them to take their needs and suggestions into account when formulating legislative initiatives. Deputies also actively participate in public life, organizing meetings and events aimed at addressing pressing regional issues. The work of a deputy requires high qualifications, responsibility, and analytical skills, making this position crucial for the functioning of democratic processes in the country.

The provision of educational services online requires careful analysis. Recently, it was proposed to create clear criteria to distinguish between bloggers offering high-quality educational content and so-called info-gypsies. This may require establishing specific qualifications for such bloggers. This will help improve the level of online education and protect users from unscrupulous offers.

A member of the commission of the Civic Chamber of Russia, which is responsible for the development of preschool, school, and secondary vocational education, as well as educational activities, plays a key role in the formation of educational policy. This commission aims to improve the quality of education, implement modern teaching methods, and support initiatives that promote the development of the educational environment in the country. Commission members actively participate in the discussion of current issues related to reforms in the education system and represent the interests of various categories of citizens. Their work contributes to the creation of effective mechanisms for increasing the accessibility and quality of educational services at all levels.

A roundtable discussion on "Russian EdTech: Trends and Prospects" will be held at the Civic Chamber of the Russian Federation. The event will focus on current issues and future directions for the development of educational technologies in Russia. Participants will discuss key trends, challenges, and opportunities facing the EdTech sector. This is an important platform for the exchange of experiences and ideas between experts, representatives of businesses, and educational institutions, thereby facilitating the development of innovative solutions in education.

In my opinion, we will face important changes in the near future. Lawmakers in the State Duma have begun discussing the possibility of licensing or creating a registry of unscrupulous, so-called "infogypsies." It is important that this licensing does not negatively impact the high-quality services that are developing today thanks to the efforts of major companies. These companies invest significantly not only in creating platforms but also in creating new jobs, which contributes to economic development and improves the well-being of citizens.

The Chair of the Commission of the Civic Chamber of the Russian Federation, responsible for the development of preschool, school, and secondary vocational education, as well as educational activities, plays a key role in shaping the country's educational policy. This position entails active participation in the development of strategies aimed at improving the quality of education at all levels. The Commission analyzes existing problems in the education system, proposes solutions, and initiates projects that promote the development of pedagogical practices. The Chairman's work includes interaction with educational institutions, government agencies, and public organizations to ensure accessibility and quality of education for all citizens.

The roundtable discussion "Russian EdTech: Trends and Prospects" will be held at the Civic Chamber of the Russian Federation. The event will focus on current issues and trends in educational technology in Russia. Participants will discuss the prospects for the development of EdTech, its impact on the educational process, and new approaches to learning. This event will provide a platform for exchanging experiences and discussing best practices in educational innovation. Join us to learn more about the future of education in Russia.

The regulation of online education affects many users. It is important to preserve high-quality educational resources and not lose the value of online learning due to unscrupulous "teachers" that many encounter on social networks such as Instagram and VKontakte. Unfortunately, some users may mistakenly believe that the entire field of online education is of poor quality, based on negative experiences with so-called "infogypsies." People should be cautioned against dismissing all forms of online education because of fraudulent practices. High-quality educational platforms and genuine experts can provide valuable information and skills that can aid in personal and professional development.

The Deputy Chairman of the State Duma Committee on Information Policy, Information Technology, and Communications plays an important role in shaping state policy in the field of digital technology and communications. This deputy is responsible for drafting bills regulating the use of information technology, data protection, and the development of telecommunications infrastructure. He also participates in discussions of current issues related to information security and the digitalization of various sectors of the economy. The Deputy Chairman's work is aimed at ensuring effective interaction between government agencies and IT companies, as well as protecting citizens' interests in the information sphere.

In today's digital space, we are seeing increasingly positive examples of self-regulation. Online educational platforms must unite to counter so-called "infogypsies," who pose a serious threat to the reputation of online education. An alliance in this field could lead to a clear positioning: "You won't be deceived here, and only here can you count on results." The industry may not perceive "infogypsies" as direct competitors, but in reality, they are the ones stealing clients, and people need a quality seal that guarantees that the chosen online course is reliable and won't lead to financial losses. The optimal solution for the educational business is to develop industry-wide rules developed by the professional community, rather than imposed by legislation. Thus, the law should merely codify existing norms created by market participants themselves. The topic of regulating online education for adults, which became relevant last year, continues to evolve. The State Duma held a closed meeting dedicated to the problems of continuing professional education in a digital format. An initiative to create a registry of unscrupulous online coaches was announced at the meeting. The Civic Chamber of the Russian Federation also held discussions regarding the prospects of EdTech. This highlights the importance and necessity of quality control of online learning, which can contribute to the improvement of educational processes and increase trust in digital educational platforms.

About online and digital, which are either terrible or useful

The Rector of the National Research University Higher School of Economics (HSE) is a key figure in the management of the educational institution. He or she is responsible for the strategic development of the university, the implementation of innovative educational programs, and scientific research. The Rector also represents HSE on the international stage, facilitating the establishment of partnerships with foreign universities and research organizations. An important task of the Rector is to attract talented students and faculty, which contributes to enhancing the academic status of the university. The Rector of HSE plays a central role in shaping educational policy, ensuring high standards of teaching and research.

An interview with a representative of Rossiyskaya Gazeta is an important source of information that covers current topics and events. This conversation examines key aspects of the current political and economic situation in Russia, as well as the influence of international relations on domestic processes. It is important to emphasize that such interviews help readers better understand the position of officials and their vision for the future of the country. By analyzing expert opinions, we can identify key trends and development prospects, making this interview particularly valuable for the public and specialists in various fields. A live lecture always brings a special "spark." When a lecturer steps before an audience of 500 people, they are charged with energy, enabling them to share their knowledge at a high level. Giving a lecture to an empty auditorium or in front of a screen cannot produce the same results. The quality of an online lecture depends largely on the instructor and the team supporting them. If an online lecture is prepared by a professional team responsible for creating presentations, videos, and interactive elements, the quality of the lecture will be high.

The scientific director of the Institute for Educational Policy Problems "Eureka" is a key figure in the development The Institute's educational initiatives and research activities. He is responsible for developing strategic direction, coordinating research projects, and implementing innovative methods in the educational process. His knowledge and experience enable him to effectively address issues related to improving the quality of education and developing new educational programs. The Institute actively participates in research aimed at analyzing problems and trends in educational policy, which contributes to the development of recommendations for public and private educational institutions. Thanks to the leadership of its scientific director, Eureka is becoming a center of expertise and the development of modern approaches to education.

The column in the "Education News" section provides up-to-date information on events and trends in education. Here you will find news about new educational initiatives, legislative changes, and reviews of modern approaches to teaching and upbringing. We cover important events that impact students, teachers, and educational institutions. Thanks to constantly updated content, readers can stay up-to-date with the latest news and trends in education. Join the discussion of key topics and share your opinions on the future of education.

The lack of necessary details in online learning means that this format is becoming a mere mechanical copy of traditional offline education. This overloads both students and teachers, and irritates parents. Meanwhile, the reports appear to be positive, and the national project is being successfully implemented. However, to achieve real effectiveness of online learning, it is necessary to take into account important aspects that can improve the educational process and make it more qualitative and convenient for all participants.

The Chairman of the Commission of the Public Chamber of the Russian Federation, engaged in the development of the information society, mass media and communications, plays The Commission plays a key role in the formation and implementation of state policy in the field of media and information technology. Its responsibilities include analyzing current trends in these areas, as well as developing recommendations for improving interactions between government agencies, the media, and society. The Commission actively works on issues of freedom of speech, protecting the rights of journalists, and promoting media literacy among the population. Effective leadership of this Commission contributes to the development of an open and informed society, which is an important aspect of the democratic process in Russia.

The round table "Russian EdTech: Trends and Prospects" will be held at the Civic Chamber of the Russian Federation. The event will be dedicated to current trends in educational technology in Russia, as well as future development prospects for this sector. Participants will discuss innovations in EdTech, their impact on the educational process, and opportunities for improving the quality of education in the country.

In some sparsely populated areas, where the population varies from 100 to 500 people, there is an urgent need for qualified teachers. In such conditions, finding primary school teachers and specialists in various subjects can be very difficult. In this context, distance learning is becoming increasingly relevant and can even be considered an advantage. If a community has broadband internet access and the necessary technical resources, qualified teachers from reputable schools and universities can effectively teach students remotely. This opens up new horizons for education in remote areas and allows for the use of all available resources to improve the educational process. Therefore, it is important to maximize the positive aspects of distance learning in our lives.

The Chairman of the Commission of the Public Chamber of the Russian Federation, responsible for the development of pre-school, school and secondary vocational education, as well as for educational activities, plays a key role in shaping the country's educational policy. This position entails active participation in discussions related to improving the quality of education, implementing innovative teaching and learning methods, and supporting educational initiatives at all levels. The commission analyzes existing problems in the education system and proposes effective solutions aimed at improving the educational environment for children and young people in Russia.

The roundtable discussion "Russian EdTech: Trends and Prospects" will be held at the Civic Chamber of the Russian Federation. This event will serve as an important platform for discussing current issues in educational technology in Russia. Participants will be able to exchange views on current trends, innovations, and the future of EdTech, as well as consider the sector's development prospects in today's environment.

Distance learning requires innovative approaches and adapted didactics. Traditional classroom methods are not always effective for online learning. Currently, there is a trend toward combining various forms of learning. It is important to note that this does not mean completely replacing traditional learning with distance learning. However, the use of digital solutions and tools is becoming necessary to optimize routine processes, as well as to diversify lessons and homework. The integration of technology into the educational process contributes to more effective learning and increased student engagement.

The President of the Russian Academy of Education is a key figure in the development of the country's educational system. He is responsible for the strategic leadership of the academy and determines priority areas for scientific research and educational programs. An important role for the president is to coordinate the work of the academy's various departments, as well as interact with government agencies and educational institutions. Through his efforts, he promotes the implementation of innovative teaching methods and improves the quality of education in Russia. The President of the Russian Academy of Education also actively participates in international projects, which allows for the exchange of experience and the implementation of best practices in the domestic education system.

The interview with RIA Novosti is an important source of information covering current topics and events. This interview examines key issues of public interest and offers analytical commentary from experts. RIA Novosti provides access to reliable information and helps readers understand the complex aspects of the topics discussed. This interview highlights the importance of quality journalism in the modern world and its role in shaping public opinion. Readers can expect in-depth analysis and a professional approach to reporting, making these interviews a valuable resource for up-to-date information.

Today, we have significantly moved away from an anthropological approach to pedagogy, focusing on technology and its various aspects. In doing so, we forget the most important thing: the process of personality formation. It is important to return to the basics so that pedagogy does not simply transfer knowledge, but rather fosters the comprehensive development of the individual. The pedagogical process must take into account the individual characteristics of each student, their needs, and aspirations in order to create a harmonious educational environment.

Online learning is generating much debate about its benefits and harms. Parents of schoolchildren are once again sharing their opinions on distance education, raising important questions about its impact on the learning process and children's development. It is important to consider both the positive and negative aspects of distance learning to reach more objective conclusions about its effectiveness.

The Rector of the National Research University Higher School of Economics (HSE) is a key figure in the management and development of the educational institution. His responsibilities include not only managing academic processes, but also strategic planning, developing research activities, and strengthening international relations. The Rector of HSE actively participates in the formation of educational policy aimed at improving the quality of education and introducing innovative teaching methods. Under his leadership, the university continues to occupy leading positions in higher education rankings and attract the attention of students and researchers from around the world. Important aspects of the Rector's work also include interaction with government agencies, businesses, and other educational institutions, which contributes to the creation of an effective ecosystem for the training of highly qualified specialists.

An interview with representatives of Rossiyskaya Gazeta provides a unique opportunity to learn about key events and trends in the country. During the conversation, current issues affecting the social, economic, and political aspects of life are discussed. Participants share their views on important issues and propose solutions that can impact the future of society. This interview is an essential resource for those who want to stay informed and understand the dynamics of change in Russia.

A live lecture is always a source of inspiration. When a professor speaks to an audience of 500 people, they are charged with energy and demonstrate a level of engagement that is difficult to achieve in an empty hall or in front of a screen. The quality of an online lecture directly depends on the competence of the professor and the team supporting them. Having a professional team preparing the online lecture, including creating presentations, videos, and interactive elements, ensures a high level of quality and makes the lecture more engaging and effective for listeners.

The Scientific Director of the Eureka Institute for Educational Policy Problems is a key figure in the field of educational research and the development of effective strategies. His experience and knowledge help shape modern approaches to educational policy, which in turn contributes to improving the quality of education. Under this specialist's leadership, the Institute is actively engaged in the analysis and implementation of innovative teaching methods, as well as the development of recommendations for educational institutions. The Eureka Institute focuses on addressing pressing issues in education and promoting reforms that advance the country's education system.

The "Education News" column is an important source of information for educators, students, and anyone interested in education. It discusses current topics related to educational initiatives, new teaching methods, and legislative changes. We strive to provide readers with useful materials to help them stay informed about the latest trends and innovations in the education system. The column features helpful tips, analytical articles, and interviews with education experts. Follow our publications to stay up-to-date on important events and updates in the world of education.

The lack of necessary details in online learning turns it into a simple copy of the traditional offline format, which overwhelms both students and teachers. This irritates parents and undermines quality learning. Despite this, the reports indicate satisfactory progress, and the national project related to the digitalization of education is being implemented. These issues must be addressed to ensure online learning is truly effective and meets modern requirements.

The Chair of the Commission of the Civic Chamber of the Russian Federation, which develops the information community, media, and mass communications, plays a key role in shaping media policy and ensuring free access to information. This position requires in-depth knowledge of media, technology, and legislation, as well as the ability to effectively interact with various stakeholders. The commission's primary responsibilities include analyzing current media trends, developing recommendations for improving the information space, and protecting citizens' rights to reliable information. The work of the commission chair is aimed at promoting the development of an open and transparent information society in Russia.

The roundtable discussion "Russian EdTech: Trends and Prospects" will be held at the Civic Chamber of the Russian Federation. The event will discuss current trends in educational technology, their impact on the educational process, and the future of Russian EdTech. Roundtable participants will have the opportunity to exchange opinions and ideas, as well as identify key trends and prospects for the development of this sector in Russia.

In sparsely populated areas, where the population ranges from 100 to 500 people, there is a shortage of qualified primary school teachers and specialists in various disciplines. In such conditions, distance learning can be an effective solution. With broadband internet and the appropriate technical resources, qualified teachers from the best schools and universities can organize remote learning for children. This opens up new opportunities for the educational process and allows us to utilize the positive aspects of modern technology in our lives.

The Chairman of the Commission of the Civic Chamber of the Russian Federation, responsible for the development of preschool, school, and secondary vocational education, as well as for educational activities, plays a key role in shaping the country's educational policy. His main task is to analyze current trends in education, identify problems, and propose effective solutions. The Commission is actively working to develop programs that improve the quality of education, implement innovative approaches, and ensure the accessibility of educational services for all segments of the population. The importance of this role is difficult to overestimate, as the future of the younger generation and the development of society as a whole depend on the Commission's work.

A roundtable discussion on "Russian EdTech: Trends and Prospects" will be held at the Civic Chamber of the Russian Federation. The event will focus on current issues in the development of educational technologies in Russia, as well as new trends and opportunities in this field. Participants will discuss innovative approaches, successful cases, and prospects for integrating EdTech into the educational process.

Distance learning requires the use of new didactic approaches and methods. The same techniques used in a traditional classroom cannot be used for online learning with equal effectiveness. Currently, various forms of education are integrating. While we should not talk about completely replacing traditional learning with distance learning, it is important to recognize and implement digital solutions and tools that help automate routine processes, diversify lessons, and improve the quality of homework. Adapting to new technologies in the educational process opens up new opportunities for students and teachers, making learning more interactive and engaging.

The President of the Russian Academy of Education is a key figure in the country's education system. This position entails responsibility for the strategic development of educational initiatives, scientific research, and the implementation of innovative teaching methods. The President of the Academy plays a key role in shaping educational policy, collaborating with public and private institutions, and participating in the international exchange of experience. The President's primary goal is to ensure high educational standards and facilitate the training of qualified specialists who meet modern requirements. Another important area of activity is supporting scientific research in pedagogy and psychology, which contributes to the improvement of the educational process and its effectiveness.

An interview with RIA Novosti provides a unique opportunity for an in-depth analysis of current events and a discussion of topical issues. The conversation explores important issues related to politics, economics, and the social sphere. This interview serves as an important source of information for a wide audience seeking to understand the complex processes unfolding in the country and the world. It is important to emphasize that such interviews contribute to the formation of public opinion and provide access to expert assessments.

Today, we have significantly moved away from an anthropological approach to pedagogy, having become fascinated with technology in its various manifestations. In doing so, we forget the main goal of education—the formation of a fully developed individual. It is important to remember that technology should serve as a means for human development, not a substitute. A return to the anthropological foundations of pedagogy will help create a more harmonious educational environment, one that emphasizes the personal and moral development of students.

The question of whether online education has brought more harm than good remains relevant and generates much debate. Parents of schoolchildren once again shared their opinions on distance learning and its impact on the educational process. Many of them note both positive and negative aspects associated with the use of online formats. The discussion is ongoing, and it is important to consider different perspectives to better understand the impact of distance learning on children and their educational experience.

On the development of thinking as a goal of higher education

Head The Department of Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management at the Higher School of Business of the National Research University Higher School of Economics (HSE) is responsible for strategic direction in the field of human resource management and organizational behavior. It focuses on developing effective management methods, increasing employee engagement, and creating a positive corporate culture. The department conducts research in HR technologies, implements innovative approaches to personnel management, and trains qualified business professionals. Collaboration with universities, enterprises, and research organizations allows us to develop relevant educational programs and training programs that meet the current demands of the labor market. The HSE Institute of Education's seminar, "The Ability to Think," focuses on a key goal of higher education: how to measure and develop students' thinking skills. The event will discuss methods for assessing critical thinking and approaches to its development in the educational process. Seminar participants will have the opportunity to share experiences and learn new methods and strategies aimed at improving educational practices in higher education.

A serious problem in our country is the lack of consistent development of students' thinking. The higher education system emphasizes the acquisition of professional skills, which leads to the development of a pragmatic approach. Students become proponents of a transactional model, focusing on practical benefits. When attempts are made to introduce courses aimed at expanding their thinking, they often encounter resistance. This highlights the need to revise educational programs to create conditions for the development of critical thinking and a creative approach to problem solving.

The Deputy Chairman of the State Duma of the Russian Federation is an important figure in the legislative process of the country. This position involves participating in the development and discussion of bills, as well as coordinating the work of deputies. The Deputy Chairman actively interacts with various committees and factions, which facilitates the effective adoption of laws and the implementation of state policy. The Deputy Chairman's responsibilities also include representing the Duma on the international stage and participating in various parliamentary assemblies. The role of Deputy Chairman of the State Duma is key to ensuring the stability and effectiveness of the legislative body.

Digitalization, as well as advances in robotics and artificial intelligence, may make many professions obsolete in the near future. This underscores the need for a change in the educational approach. Modern education must meet new requirements: traditional academic knowledge is giving way to skills for quick adaptation and creative thinking. It is essential to prepare future generations for the challenges of a new world, where innovation and flexibility will be key factors for success.

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American experts conducted a large-scale study on the reasons for obtaining higher education and its impact on personal and professional development. The results of the study were presented at a webinar by the HSE Institute of Education. In today's labor market, there is a growing need for universities to not only provide professional knowledge but also develop soft skills. In this regard, five Russian universities have created a consortium to develop a universal program for all universities aimed at developing, measuring, and assessing these skills.

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Quotes of the Month: On EdTech Regulation, Online Learning, and the Purpose of Higher Education

Contents:

About the regulation of EdTech and "pseudo-teachers"

About online and digital, which are either terrible or useful

On the development of thinking as a goal of higher education